How the Mughals Built a Spy Empire: Intelligence Network Kept Hindu Kings on Their Toes
Long before modern intelligence agencies existed, Mughal emperors had developed an extensive and sophisticated spy network to maintain control over their vast empire and keep a close watch on regional Hindu rulers. Historical records reveal that even without a formal Intelligence Bureau, the Mughals received instant updates about the smallest movements in Rajput courts and beyond.
Direct Reports to the Emperor
The Mughal intelligence system was headed by the Mir Bakshi, the military chief, who appointed spies and reporters. These officers were powerful enough to report directly to the emperor, ensuring that information about corruption, rebellion, or unrest in the provinces reached Delhi or Agra immediately.
Five Layers of Mughal Espionage
According to Dr. Wasim Rashid, Assista...









